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<title>Taurus molecular cloud</title>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"TMC-1" redirects here. For the gene, see <a href="TMC1" title="TMC1">TMC1</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Taurus molecular cloud</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #eeddff;"><a href="Nebula" title="Nebula">Nebula</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Taurus molecular cloud (<a href="Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel Space Observatory</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #eeddff;">Observation data: <a href="J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a><sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">epoch</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;"><a href="Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">Right ascension</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">04<sup>h</sup> 41.0<sup>m</sup> </span> <sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;"><a href="Declination" title="Declination">Declination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+25° 52′ <sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;"><a href="Constellation" title="Constellation">Constellation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #eeddff;"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;">Designations</th><td class="infobox-data">HCL 2, <span class="nowrap">Heiles's cloud 2</span>, TMC-1, <span class="nowrap">Taurus molecular cloud 1</span><sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:608px;max-width:608px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">This video begins with a wide-field view of the sky, before zooming into the Taurus molecular cloud region, about 450 light-years from <a href="Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. Dark clouds of cosmic dust grains obscure the background stars at visible wavelengths. The submillimetre-wavelength observations from the LABOCA camera on APEX reveal the heat glow of the dust grains, shown here in orange tones. The observations cover two regions in the cloud, which are known as Barnard 211 and Barnard 213. In them, newborn stars are hidden, and dense clouds of gas are on the verge of collapsing to form yet more stars.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">This video pans over part of the Taurus molecular cloud region.</div></div></div></div></div>

<p>The <b>Taurus molecular cloud</b> (<b>TMC-1</b>) is an interstellar <a href="Molecular_cloud" title="Molecular cloud">molecular cloud</a> in the constellations <a href="Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a> and <a href="Auriga_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auriga (constellation)">Auriga</a>. This cloud hosts a <a href="Star_formation" title="Star formation">stellar nursery</a> containing hundreds of newly formed stars.<sup id="cite_ref-LuhmanAllen2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LuhmanAllen2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Taurus molecular cloud is only 140 <a href="Parsec" title="Parsec">pc</a> (430 <a href="Light_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Light year">ly</a>) away from Earth, making it possibly the nearest large <a href="List_of_star-forming_regions_in_the_Local_Group" title="List of star-forming regions in the Local Group">star formation region</a>. It has been important in star formation studies at all wavelengths of <a href="Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">Electromagnetic spectrum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It is notable for containing many complex molecules, such as <a href="Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">cyanopolyynes</a> HC<sub><i>n</i></sub>N for <i>n</i> = 3,5,7,9,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Cumulene" title="Cumulene">cumulene</a> <a href="Carbene" title="Carbene">carbenes</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">

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</style><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>C<sub class="template-chem2-sub"><i>n</i></sub></span> for <i>n</i> = 3–6.<sup id="cite_ref-Cabezas_2021_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabezas_2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007 the polyatomic <a href="Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> <a href="Octatetraynyl_radical" title="Octatetraynyl radical">octatetraynyl radical</a> was detected in TMC-1, making it the second type of anion to be found in the interstellar medium and the largest such molecule detected to date.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Taurus molecular cloud was identified in the past as a part of the <a href="Gould_Belt" title="Gould Belt">Gould Belt</a>, a large structure surrounding the <a href="Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. More recently (January 2020) the Taurus molecular cloud was identified as being part of the much larger <a href="Radcliffe_wave" title="Radcliffe wave">Radcliffe wave</a>, a wave-shaped structure in the <a href="Orion_Arm" title="Orion Arm">local arm</a> of the <a href="Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a>.

</p><p>The newly formed stars in this cloud have an age of 1–2 million years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Taurus-Auriga_association" title="Taurus-Auriga association">Taurus–Auriga association</a>, which is the <a href="Stellar_association" title="Stellar association">stellar association</a> of the cloud, contains the variable star <a href="T_Tauri" title="T Tauri">T Tauri</a>, which is the prototype of <a href="T_Tauri_star" title="T Tauri star">T Tauri stars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The many young stars and the close proximity to Earth make it uniquely well-suited to search for <a href="Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">protoplanetary disks</a> and <a href="Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">exoplanets</a> around stars, and to identify <a href="Brown_dwarf" title="Brown dwarf">brown dwarfs</a> in the association. Members of this region are suited for <a href="Direct_imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct imaging">direct imaging</a> of young exoplanets, which glow brightly in <a href="Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> wavelengths.

</p><p>Members<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Taurus–Auriga association with a circumstellar disk or exoplanet:

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<ul><li><a href="HL_Tauri" title="HL Tauri">HL Tauri</a> – directly imaged disk with impressive details</li>

<li><a href="SU_Aurigae" title="SU Aurigae">SU Aurigae</a> – circumstellar disk</li>

<li><a href="AB_Aurigae" title="AB Aurigae">AB Aurigae</a> – circumstellar disk and hints of an exoplanet</li>

<li><a href="CI_Tauri" title="CI Tauri">CI Tauri</a> – directly imaged circumstellar disk, one confirmed exoplanet and hints of additional exoplanets</li>

<li><a href="V830_Tauri" title="V830 Tauri">V830 Tauri</a> – circumstellar disk and one exoplanet <a href="V830_Tauri_b" class="mw-redirect" title="V830 Tauri b">V830 Tauri b</a></li>

<li><a href="LkCa_15" title="LkCa 15">LkCa 15</a> – directly imaged circumstellar disk and one possible directly imaged exoplanet <a href="LkCa_15_b" class="mw-redirect" title="LkCa 15 b">LkCa 15 b</a></li>

<li><a href="GG_Tauri" title="GG Tauri">GG Tauri</a> – circumstellar disk</li>

<li><a href="UX_Tauri" title="UX Tauri">UX Tauri</a> – circumstellar disk</li>

<li><a href="2MASS_J04202144%2B2813491" title="2MASS J04202144+2813491">2MASS J04202144+2813491</a> – directly imaged disk, jets and disk wind</li>

<li><a href="DH_Tauri" title="DH Tauri">DH Tauri</a> – exoplanet <a href="DH_Tauri_b" class="mw-redirect" title="DH Tauri b">DH Tauri b</a></li>

<li><a href="DG_Tauri_B" title="DG Tauri B">DG Tauri B</a> – circumstellar disk associated with jets</li>

<li><a href="2M0437_b" title="2M0437 b">2M0437b</a> – directly imaged exoplanet</li>

<li><a href="V1298_Tauri" title="V1298 Tauri">V1298 Tauri</a> – four confirmed <a href="Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">transiting</a> exoplanets<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="2MASS_J04442713%2B2512164" title="2MASS J04442713+2512164">2MASS J04442713+2512164</a> brown dwarf with a resolved disk and a planet candidate</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Orion_molecular_cloud_complex" title="Orion molecular cloud complex">Orion molecular cloud complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Rho_Ophiuchi_cloud_complex" title="Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex">Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Perseus_molecular_cloud" title="Perseus molecular cloud">Perseus molecular cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Cygnus_X_(star_complex)" title="Cygnus X (star complex)">Cygnus X</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_nearby_stellar_associations_and_moving_groups" title="List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups">List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?submit=display&bibdisplay=refsum&bibyear1=1850&bibyear2=%24currentYear&Ident=%40732625&Name=TMC-1#lab_bib">"TMC-1 – Molecular Cloud"</a>. <a href="SIMBAD" title="SIMBAD">SIMBAD</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-LuhmanAllen2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LuhmanAllen2010_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLuhmanAllenEspaillatHartmann2010" class="citation journal cs1">Luhman, K. L.; Allen, P. R.; <a href="Catherine_Espaillat" title="Catherine Espaillat">Espaillat, C.</a>; Hartmann, L.; <a href="Nuria_Calvet" title="Nuria Calvet">Calvet, N.</a> (2010). "The Disk Population of the Taurus Star-Forming Region". <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. <b>186</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">111–</span>174. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0911.5457">0911.5457</a></span>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJS..186..111L">2010ApJS..186..111L</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0067-0049%2F186%2F1%2F111">10.1088/0067-0049/186/1/111</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-0049">0067-0049</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119189843">119189843</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGuedel,_M.Briggs,_K._R.Arzner,_K.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Guedel, M.; Briggs, K. R.; Arzner, K.; et al. (2007). "The XMM-Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud (XEST)". <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>468</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">353–</span>377. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0609160">astro-ph/0609160</a></span>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A&A...468..353G">2007A&A...468..353G</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20065724">10.1051/0004-6361:20065724</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8846597">8846597</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrünkenH._GuptaC._A._GottliebM._C._McCarthy2007" class="citation journal cs1">Brünken, S.; H. Gupta; C. A. Gottlieb; M. C. McCarthy; P. Thaddeus (July 20, 2007). "Detection of the Carbon Chain Negative Ion C<sub>8</sub>H<sup>−</sup> in TMC-1". <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>664</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">L43 –</span> <span class="nowrap">L46</span>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...664L..43B">2007ApJ...664L..43B</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F520703">10.1086/520703</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120912943">120912943</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDavidPetiguraLugerForeman-Mackey2019" class="citation journal cs1">David, Trevor J.; Petigura, Erik A.; Luger, Rodrigo; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Livingston, John H.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Fab4c99">"Four Newborn Planets Transiting the Young Solar Analog V1298 Tau"</a>. <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. <b>885</b> (1): L12. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.04563">1910.04563</a></span>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ApJ...885L..12D">2019ApJ...885L..12D</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Fab4c99">10.3847/2041-8213/ab4c99</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X">0004-637X</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:204008446">204008446</a>.</cite></span>

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